Pregnancy warning:
- Tramadol has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA.
- Animal studies have revealed evidence of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.
- Tramadol should only be given during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
- Tramadol has been shown to cross the placental barrier, with an umbilical vein to maternal vein serum concentration ratio of 0.83.
- A case of tramadol withdrawal in a neonate has been reported following long-term analgesic treatment of the mother.
- At 35 hours of age, the infant showed signs of a severe withdrawal syndrome with high-pitched crying, trembling, and shortened sleeping hours.
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